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European integration that have most contributed to shaping the European Union as we know it today. Particular attention will be paid to investigating how wars and conflicts have contributed to changing the [...] calls for research funding which are particularly relevant for the field of European Studies. If you have any questions, suggestions or if you would like to announce events or recently published calls, please [...] databases, in-house training opportunities, or institutional affiliations. In the past, for instance, we have funded the membership of the European Consortium for Political Research (ECPR), which provides access

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da4fa3ba238a96d3d For organizational issues we will use the online platform Basecamp. In case you have not yet received an invitation, please contact Claudius via email: claudius.graebner-radkowitsch [...] communicate their comments. And of course, you are invited to submit your feedback even if you do not have the possibility to present. I will explain how we will organize this ‘friendly review’ process during

da4fa3ba238a96d3d For organizational issues we will use the online platform Basecamp. In case you have not yet received an invitation, please contact Claudius via email: claudius.graebner-radkowitsch [...] communicate their comments. And of course, you are invited to submit your feedback even if you do not have the possibility to present. I will explain how we will organize this ‘friendly review’ process during

charities and companies are made up of members, but are the groups more than their members? Do they have abilities and powers that we lack? In my talk I will raise such questions and offer some philosophical

techniques have improved the access to canopies, which supports research projects. Temperate deciduous forests are widespread and vary strongly worldwide. Nonetheless, tropical forests have historically [...] occupy the same ecological niche on their host plants. In contrast, insects with complete metamorphosis have different niches for larval and imaginal stages with mostly larvae living as herbivores. Generally [...] on several parts of plants on above- and below-ground organs, e.g. leaves, stems, and roots. They have a different range of host plants with most insect species being monophagous (specialists on one plant

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forest ecosystems. To date, most studies about herbivory in canopies have been published for tropical forests, whereas temperate forests have received less attention. However, temperate deciduous forests reveal [...] Variations among plant ontogenetic stages have been found amongst others in leaf toughness [10,17] and chemical defences such as phenolics [18–20]. Boege and Marquis [21] have proposed a pattern for plant ontogenetic [...] [27,28]. Only few studies have surveyed the whole vertical forest gradient for herbivory research [29,30], especially including several feeding guilds [31]. Furthermore, galls have rarely been studied in

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influenced by the environment, especially through light and climatic conditions. Varying light conditions have been identified as a significant predictor for the variation of many leaf traits. However, the leaf [...] water stress to host plants, increase the N content in plant tissues [13]. Varying light conditions have been identified as a signif- icant predictor for the variation of many leaf traits within forest canopies [...] that contain more chlorophyll than sun leaves [36]. High light conditions in the greenhouses might have caused the low chlorophyll content in leaves of the three tree species. In addition, this effect of

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indicates higher amounts of phenolic defense compounds. We conclude that the effect of temperature must have been indirect, whereby the expected higher herbivory was suppressed due to unfavorable leaf traits [...] JMC received financial support from the University of Hildesheim. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. http://crossmark.crossref.org/dialog/?doi=10.1371/journal [...] d by low light, damped temperature fluctuations and generally high air humidity. Existing studies have evi- denced variable patterns of herbivory for sun and shade leaves. Sun leaves of slow-growing species

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Studies The Autumn School covered the political and historical processes of European integration that have most contributed to shaping the European Union as we know it today. Kurzübersicht Stichworte Autumn [...] Law and then having discussions with other academics, and PhD students is something that you can not have it in regular university lectures. The event was not in the pure lecture format, rather it gave enough [...] and food served during my stak were excellent, Villa Vigoni Autumn School is an event where you can have an academic development while enjoying the delicious Lombardian food.

be found in the infosheet below. Please email Dieter Fuchs or Michelle Witen to register or if you have questions. Next year, the school will take place in Flensburg from 15-19 July 2024 , so please stay