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fileadmin/content/institute/iim/dokumente/forschung/discussion-papers/14-grimm-gluecksforschung-gesamt-2.pdf
Marburg, Metropolis-Verlag Powdthavee, Nattavudh (2005): Identifying Causal Effects with Panel Data: The Case of Friendship and Happiness, Working Paper of the Institute of Education, University of London Sandvik
fileadmin/content/institute/iim/dokumente/forschung/discussion-papers/20-ml-survey-eus-febr09.pdf
statistics, including frequency counts which are displayed in bar diagrams. Because of the low number of cases no further analyses was possible. First of all, the frequency counts provide information about personal [...] Filipino, Polish, Georgian, Iranian, Bulgarian, and Vietnamese) were chosen by one respondent in each case. A continuing enlargement and increasing internationalization of the study program can be observed [...] of Flensburg can be observed. Fig. 5c: Information Source, 3rd Cohort n = 37 a = 42 n = Number of cases a = Number of answers (more than one answer possible) Overall, the relevance of the DAAD as a source
fileadmin/content/institute/iim/dokumente/forschung/discussion-papers/19-gg-regional-differentiation-febr2009.pdf
corroborated nicely with a whole array of similar works over the past three decades, showing in many cases a positive relationship between inequality and mortality, the presented evidence was not without critics [...] with sufficient similarities. The second pertains to the deplorable situation, that in the German case direct regional inequality data are not available. The third addresses slightly different measures [...] German Socio-Economic Panel11 with now more than 20,000 persons interviewed, does not yield enough cases when broken down into regions. Instead of a then rather unreliable Gini coefficient, the regional
fileadmin/content/institute/iim/dokumente/forschung/discussion-papers/18-sm-rda-gretzinger2008-gesamt.pdf
An organization can have a monopoly position legally protected or legally established, as in the case of electric and telephone utilities. Or, a group of firms can act together as one, constituting a
fileadmin/content/institute/iim/dokumente/forschung/discussion-papers/33-gg-consumersurplus.pdf
given the wide usage of consumer surplus-based calculations in the practical world. In case A – a tax and subsidy case – the following situation is given. In a country, there are apple farmers with the demand [...] been accounted for (see Appendix), based on the two case examples, the following results of welfare change based on those methods are (in the cases of CL and CP- welfare gain means reduction of the negatively [...] requirements of a consumer surplus argumentation, alternative constructions are possible. In two relevant cases, it will be shown that those alternatives yield opposite outcomes, making the usage of consumer surplus
fileadmin/content/institute/iim/dokumente/forschung/discussion-papers/30-ap-optimism-pessimism-and-life-satisfaction-an-empirical-investigation-2019.pdf
on objective factors (income, labour force status, marital status, education, health) and, in many cases, have convincingly demonstrated associations and, causal connections. Investigations considering [...] FE following entropy balancing, and System GMM.2 For comparability, the same sample is used in each case. In practice this means that the person-year observations used in the System GMM estimation (which [...] enjoy more life satisfaction now than individuals who are pessimistic about the future.7 In both cases (OLS and FE) – and all six estimates – the variation of explained life 6 There is evidence that this
fileadmin/content/institute/iim/dokumente/forschung/discussion-papers/29-ap-pr-and-ipp-gdpg-and-well-being-in-latin-america.pdf
imitation thereby enhancing innovation. However, from a consumer’s perspective the opposite might be the case: it is conceivable that better enforced IPP can raise the cost of common purchases, like those for [...] high income countries as compared to middle and low income countries. (And the effect is stronger in case of upper middle income countries as compared to lower middle income and low income countries). In
fileadmin/content/institute/iim/dokumente/forschung/discussion-papers/28-ap-adult-life-satisfaction-largely-though-not-wholly-contemporaneous.pdf
successfully address the initial conditions concern. 9 influence is conditional on this history; in this case, any impact of (the independent variables) xit represents the effect of new information. (2008, p [...] instruments used which, for most variables, give qualitatively the same outcome (not shown). In the male case, the diagnostic tests are all supportive of the estimation choices made. Second order autocorrelation [...] estimation: the null hypothesis of exogenous instruments is supported (i.e. not rejected) in each case. Here, again, only marital status was treated as potentially endogenous. The final column treats health
fileadmin/content/institute/iim/dokumente/forschung/discussion-papers/25-ie-income-gender-financial-literacy.pdf
Volpe, 1998), it is likely that income is an essential influence on financial literacy. If this is the case, this information will incentivize the need for effective measures to improve financially literacy
fileadmin/content/institute/iim/dokumente/forschung/discussion-papers/11-the-euro-isengaard.pdf
also better able to cope with the situation, despite the fact that they cannot change it. This latter case is called secondary control (Rothbaum et al., 1982).2 However, Luna-Arocas et al. (2001) discovered [...] infer their attitudes from their own behaviour under certain circumstances. This is particularly the case if internal references are weak and no pronounced knowledge is present. For this theory to apply to [...] their freedom of choice has been threatened or taken away, psychological reactance emerges. In this case, people attempt to recover their endangered or lost liberty by upgrading the threatened or eliminated