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with this issue. However, Rumford published 1 The background of these experiments was the idea to find out which part of the (visible) spectrum might affect lenses in a telescope in the most significant [...] energy dis- sipation (and in this respect entropy) had been developed, both Joule’s and Carnot’s findings were no longer in contradiction. In some sense, this contradiction together with the growing ac- [...] is relevant for the acceptance of Joule’s work in the British scientific community: Ignoring his findings may in part be explained by the fact that Joule was a brewery owner in Man- chester. Even though

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• Rumford and calorics

the idea had been cor- rect!!! Otto thought about ways to make the barrel more solid but he couldn’t find any solution. But suddenly he had an idea! Iron! A barrel made of iron! The next day Otto went to [...] that squashed the barrel, then he was thinking in the right direction - then he would only have to find a body that was more solid than an iron bar- rel. Then he remembered one the ideas that Aristo- tle

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• Guericke and vacuum

died there on 11 May 1686. However he had many activities and public functions, Guericke was able to find time to conduct various experiments in physics. Around the year 1650, he constructed the air pomp

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• Guericke and vacuum

managed to find suitable places to observe the lecture. Professor Georg Christoph Lichtenberg walked onto the platform, because of his height, and he started stately: ‘during today’s lecture we will find out

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• Lichtenberg and the electrophorus

managed to find suitable places to observe the lecture. Professor Georg Christoph Lichtenberg walked onto the platform, because of his height, and he started stately: ‘during today’s lecture we will find out

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• Lichtenberg and the electrophorus

died there on 11 May 1686. However he had many activities and public functions, Guericke was able to find time to conduct various experiments in physics. Around the year 1650, he constructed the air pomp [...] the idea had been cor- rect!!! Otto thought about ways to make the barrel more solid but he couldn’t find any solution. But suddenly he had an idea! Iron! A barrel made of iron! The next day Otto went to [...] that squashed the barrel, then he was thinking in the right direction - then he would only have to find a body that was more solid than an iron bar- rel. Then he remembered one the ideas that Aristo- tle

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• Guericke and vacuum

several groups of three chemical elements that behave very similar to each other in reactions. He could find several combina- tions of elements, and there were always three elements. Moreover, these elements [...] to identify several new elements. The more elements were known to chemists, the easier it became to find sub- stances that behaved similar. Figure 3 Mendeleev’s structuring of the elements. http://upload [...] undiscovered” (Moseley 1913, 713). In some sense, Moseley acts very similar to Mendeleev – he was able to find another math- ematical relation that described properties of the atoms, however, there were some gaps

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• Mendeleev and the Periodic System

to identify several new elements. The more elements were known to chemists, the easier it became to find substances that behaved similar”. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………

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• Mendeleev and the Periodic System

several groups of three chemical elements that behave very similar to each other in reactions. He could find several combina- tions of elements, and there were always three elements. Moreover, these elements [...] to identify several new elements. The more elements were known to chemists, the easier it became to find sub- stances that behaved similar. Figure 3 Mendeleev’s structuring of the elements. http://upload [...] undiscovered” (Moseley 1913, 713). In some sense, Moseley acts very similar to Mendeleev – he was able to find another math- ematical relation that described properties of the atoms, however, there were some gaps

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• Mendeleev and the Periodic System

(Indicative important points of this story: description of Irene and Frederic’s experiment, experimental findings of Anderson, experimental discovery of Chadwick, how these discoveries have affected their work [...] Nobel Prize in Chemistry. “…… Irene and Frederic could do was once again to confirm his experimental findings in which different materials were exposed to α-radiation….. …When a proton is emitted from the Aluminum [...] in modern science The difference between the two views Activity 8 From the lesson today one could find some important aspects of NOS. Could you please discuss in your group and identify some of them? Could

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• Joliot-Curie and artificial radioactivity