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neutrons as well, allowing for the possibility of a chain reaction. Acknowledgments I am indebted to D. Metz (Univer- sity of Winnipeg) for his careful review of the content, as well as for comments on the [...] (1963). The Feynman lectures on physics. Reading, Mass.: Addison- Wesley Publishing Company. Geiger, H., & Marsden, E. (1909). On a Diffuse Reflection of the α -Particles. Proceedings of the Royal Society

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• Maria Skłodowska-Curie: discoverer of two radioactive elements
• Joliot-Curie and artificial radioactivity
• Rutherford’s Nuclear Atom
• Dalton and the atoms
• Lavoisier and the conservation of mass
• Democritus and the atoms

s to Teachers (Ernest’s Nuclear Atom) Storytelling Teaching Model: http://science-story-telling.eu D) The activity 5 concerns the characteristics of Nature of Science: “Knowledge production in science [...] that Rutherford first used the word “nucleus” to describe the center of the atom. References Geiger, H., & Marsden, E. (1909). On a diffuse reflection of the alpha particles. Proceedings of the Royal Society [...] beta parti- cles by matter and the structure of the atom. Philosophical Magazine, 21, 669–688. Wilson, D. (1983). Rutherford: Simple genius. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Ernest’s Nuclear Atom was edited by Cathrine

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• Rutherford’s Nuclear Atom

neutrons as well, allowing for the possibility of a chain reaction. Acknowledgments I am indebted to D. Metz (Univer- sity of Winnipeg) for his careful review of the content, as well as for comments on the [...] (1963). The Feynman lectures on physics. Reading, Mass.: Addison- Wesley Publishing Company. Geiger, H., & Marsden, E. (1909). On a Diffuse Reflection of the α -Particles. Proceedings of the Royal Society

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• Maria Skłodowska-Curie: discoverer of two radioactive elements

basket). The target containing or d veloping heat was placed in the basket and melted the ice. The amount of drained water was equivalent to the heat develope in the reaction. e- d Historical Background: Nutrition [...] pel- lagra. Journal of State Medicine, 20. Hanson, V. D. (1999). The Wars of the Ancient Greeks, Lon- don: Cassell & Co. Wellington House. Helmholtz, H. von. (1915). Ueber die Erhaltung der Kraft. In: Wilhelm [...] sulfates, e.g. dihydrate iron sulfate, (II) FeSO4 • 7H2O - (Roman Vitriol, Vitriol viride, Vitriol Goslariense) or pen- tahydrate copper sulfate (II) CuSO4 • 5H2O - (Vitriol co- eruleum) 3 Barley water - is a

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• Lind and scurvy

Autobiography. In: Manchester Memoirs Vol 75, No 8, 105. Beretta M. H. (2005). Lavoisier in Perspective. München, Deutsches Museum. Breger H (1982). Die Natur als arbeitende Maschine. Brown SC (1979): Benjamin [...] seinen anderen wichtigen Artikel beim all-jährlichen Treffen der British Society vor. Sein Biograph D. Cardwell betonte: „Joule glaubte, sein Dokument wäre ohne weitere Beach- tung vorüber gegangen, wenn [...] je- weils 4 feststehenden Schaufeln versehen war. Die Blechachse arbeitete ungehindert und war bei d geteilt, um in diesem Bereich jegliche Wärmelei- tung zu vermeiden. Das Schaufelrad war fest in einem

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• Rumford and calorics

Autobiography. In: Manchester Memoirs Vol 75, No 8, 105. Beretta M. H. (2005). Lavoisier in Perspective. München, Deutsches Museum. Breger H (1982). Die Natur als arbeitende Maschine. Brown SC (1979): Benjamin [...] other important paper Joule presented at the annual Meeting of the British Society. As his biographer D. Cardwell pointed out: "Joule be- lieved his paper would have passed without notice 6 Background for [...] arms each and 4 sets of 4 sta- tionary vanes each. The brass axis worked freely and was divided at d into two parts to avoid any conduction of heat in that direction. The paddle wheel firmly fitted into

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• Rumford and calorics

Autobiography. In: Manchester Memoirs, 75(8), 105. Beretta, M. H. (2005). Lavoisier in Perspective. München: Deutsches Museum. Breger, H. (1982). Die Natur als arbeitende Maschine. Brown, S. C. (1979) [...] pracę Joule zaprezentował na dorocznym spotkaniu brytyjskiego Towarzystwa Naukowego. Jako jego biograf D. Cartwell zauważył, że: „Joule uważał, że jego referat nie zostałby zauważony gdyby nie młody mężczyzna [...] authority and the creation of practical electricity before Edison. Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press. Sibum, H. O. (1995). Reworking the Mechanical Value of Heat: Instruments of Precision and Gestures of Accuracy

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• James Prescott Joule i mechaniczny równoważnik ciepła
• Mouchot i kuchenka słoneczna
• Rumford i cieplik
• James Prescott Joule, William Thomson oraz mechaniczny równoważnik ciepła

concerns the characteristic of Nature of Science: “Scientific knowledge is tentative but durable”. D) The activity 5 concerns the characteristics of Nature of Science: a) “Scientific knowledge is tentative [...] motum fluidi electrici investigandi commentatio poste- rior. Gottingae: Dieterich. Meya, J., & Sibum, H. O. (1987). Das fünfte Element. Rein- bek bei Hamburg. Verrecchia, A. (1967). Lichtenberg und Volta [...] Letters and Diaries, Oxford, The Clarendon Press, 1938 (trans. and ed., by Margaret L. Mare and W. H. Quarrell) B Secondary Sources Cherington M, McDonough G, Olson S, Russon R, Yarnell PR: Lichtenberg

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• Lichtenberg and the electrophorus

ry of Science, 19, 3–17. Cassebaum, H. & Kauffman, G. B. (1971). The periodic system of the elements: The search for its discoverer. Isis, 62(3), 314–327. Gordin, M. D. (2004). A well-ordered thing: Dmitrii

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• Mendeleev and the Periodic System

%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%A3%CF%8D%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B1 http://www.livepedia.gr/index.php/%CE%A0%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%A3%CF%8D%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B1 Student’s [...] of Science, 19, 3–17. Cassebaum, H. & Kauffman, G. B. (1971). The periodic sys- tem of the elements: The search for its discoverer. Isis, 62(3), 314–327. Gordin, M. D. (2004). A well-ordered thing: Dmitrii [...] chemischen Hochschulfaches im 18. Jahrhundert.“ Berichte zur Wis- senschaftsgeschichte 10, 147–168 Moseley, H. G. J. (1913): The High-Frequency Spectra of the Elements. Phil Mag. 27, 703-713. Priesner, C. (2011)

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• Mendeleev and the Periodic System