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support of those most immediately affected by the deleterious action of the market – primarily, but not exclusively, the working and the landed classes – and using protective legislation, restrictive [...] of the comprehensive transformation of work and everyday life, the traditional ways of life, social ties and values of different social classes are often called into question. In addition to the problems [...] to capital moved to the centre of capitalist development, meaning a permanent increase in labour productivity and relative added value. As a result, the forms of production and work organisation changed
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potential of this approach, some ideas at the margins of his argument should be expanded and re- worked. As I argue in this paper, this is particularly true for three aspects: First, the eco- nomic [...] convincing in the form in which Bieling presents it and should be re- worked to account for at least two cleavages. Third, the notion of embeddedness must be understood as a multidimensional phenomenon [...] it vehemently: labour market insid- ers oppose refugee migration, whereas labour market outsiders oppose work migration. In Mediterranean countries, with their rudimentary welfare states, migration is less
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-Socialism 1. Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft – the complexity of society The last chapter of Karl Polanyi's famous work The Great Transformation was titled Free- dom in a Complex Society. This title [...] in his main work, Capital, as follows: "Let us now picture to ourselves … a community of free individuals, carrying on their work with the means of production in common, in which the labour power [...] , are in this case perfectly simple and intel- ligible, and that with regard not only to production but also to distribution" (Marx, 1996, 89 f.). In 1887 Ferdinand Tönnies published his most important work
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after the possible end of market society. Keywords: Polanyi, Capitalism, Marxism, Social Movements, Neoliberalism 1. The continuing relevance of Polanyi’s work When reading The Great Transformation, it “seems as if Polanyi is speaking directly to pre- sent day issues” (Stiglitz, 2001, vii). No wonder that his work is one of the most important theoretical references for scholars and activists, who aim [...] by the organizations of the working class when they are strong enough. Subsequent to this, Polanyi’s and social democracy’s con- cept of socialism centers around the idea that private ownership should be replaced
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of vital ecosystems on a global scale (Rockström et al., 2009) as well as the (re)emergence of living and working conditions that systematically fall below established social and human right standards [...] with democratic values and social and ecological demands. The movement simultaneously works at two levels: First, the level of predominantly small and medium-sized companies, who commit to orientating [...] (2001 1944) and further works by Polanyi but also draws on additional literature of more recent analysts who found Polanyi’s ideas use- ful to understand current developments of global capitalism
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to a fellow sociologist who in recent years has enriched the critical debate with his work on the crisis of capitalism, but now seems to be standing up for a disturbingly nationalistic position [...] markets" (2018, 6). According to Streeck, the refugee policy is a welcome occasion for the deregulating left to (finally) break away from the working class and the lower middle class and to enter into a [...] move- ment against exclusion from politics and work. Conversely, neoliberal actors since Thatcher and Reagan have diligently regulated and steered, whether in the area of domes- tic security
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